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Alphabet - El Alfabeto

A [Ah] Pronounced like the 'o' in the Northern-American-English word 'got.'
B [Be] Pronounced more or less like a standard English 'b.'
C [Ce] Pronounced as an English 'k' when in front of a, o, or u. English 's' when in front of i or e.
Ch [Che] The 'ch' in "nacho."
D [De] Pronounced as the English 'd.' [However, this site (http://www.drlemon.net/Grammar/alphabet.html) says it's sometimes pronounced as 'th.' My class, though, has always used 'd.' Either way, you'll be understandable.]
E [E] Pronounced like the 'e' in 'egg.'
F [Efe] Pronounced like the English 'f.'
G [Ge] Pronounced sometimes as a hard 'g' and other as an 'h.' [See 'Ce,' which explains which vowels.]
H [Hache] Always silent.
I [I ] Pronounced as the 'i' in 'machine.'
J [Jota] Pronounced as the English 'h.'
K [K] English 'k,' used only in borrowed words.
L [Ele] English 'l.'
LL [Elle] Pronounced like the English 'y.'
M [Eme] Pronounced like the English 'm.'
N [Ene] Pronounced like the English 'n.'
Ñ [Eñe] Pronounced like the 'ny' in 'canyon.'
O [O] Pronounced like the 'o' in 'vote.'
P [Pe] English 'p.'
Q [Cu] Always pronounced like a 'k,' never a 'kw.'
R [Ere] A cross, kind of, between the English 'd' and 'r.'
RR [Erre] A trilled 'r.'
S [Ese] English 's.'
T [Te] English 't.'
U Pronounced like the 'u' in 'flute.'
V [Ve] Nearly always pronounced more like a 'b.' [Voy --> Boy]
W [Doble V] Like the English 'w.' Only used in loanwords.
X [Equis] Either pronounced as an 'h' or a 'k.'
Y [I griega] English 'i,' sometimes like a 'y.'
Z [Zeta] English 's' in 'socks' or a 'z.'


Greetings - Los Saludos

Hello! - ¡Hola!
Hey! - ¡Chao! or ¡Chau!*
Hello - Aló [For on-the-phone use only.]
Hello - Jaló [On-the-phone use only.]


*They were adapted from the Italian "ciao."


Farewells

Good-bye - Adiós
Good night - Bueños noches


Important Questions

¿Cómo estás? - How are you?
¿Qué tal? - What's up? How's it going?
¿Qué pasa? - What's happening? What's going on?
¿Qué hora es? - What's the time?
¿Cómo se llamas? - What's your name? [Lit. How do they call you? Polite.]
¿Cómo te llamas? - What's your name? [Informal.]
¿De dónde eres? - Where are you from? What's your home-town?
¿Cuántos años tienes? - How old are you?

Question Words

¿Qué? - What? [It sometimes replaces the English 'how.']
¿Cómo? - How?
¿Cuál? - Which?
¿Cuál? - Which? What? [Plural]
¿Dónde? - Where?
¿Cuántos?/Cuántas? - How much? [Plural]
¿Cuánto?/Cuánta? - How much?
¿Por qué? - Why? [Lit. For what?]
¿Adónde? - To where? [Ex. ¿Adónde va Raúl?- To where is Raul going?]
¿Cuándo? - When?

[There are more one can use with certain words, but we shall go into them later.]


The Polite-ities

Mucho Gusto - Nice to meet you.
Encantado/a - Enchanted (to meet you.) [O/A depends on the person's (who is being talked about) gender- O, for males, A for females.]
Bienvenidos/as! - Welcome! [Plural]
Bienvenido/a! - Welcome!
Gracias - Thank You
De Nada - You're Welcome [Literally; For nothing]