Offensive

Shot range: Increase the distance your shots travel
Shot homing: Increase the homing ability of weapons, if they have any to begin with
Various attacks: Increase the power of that kind of attack
In-peril attack boost: Raise attack when in Crisis Mode
Full-health boost: Raise attack power when your health is full
Shot cancellation: Increase ability to cancel incoming fire
Power attack: Increase damage done by attack powers
Item attack: Increase damage done by offensive items

Defensive

Overall defense: Reduce the amount of damage received
Melee defense: Reduce the amount of damage received from melee attacks
Shot defense: Reduce the amount of damage received from ranged attacks
Knockback defense: Reduce the chance of getting knocked down
Evasion: Increase the size of your dodge window
Health: Increase your max health
In-peril autododge: In Crisis Mode, you will sometimes automatically dodge

Status Effects

Confusion: Causes reticle or movement to be inverted
Petrification: Target turns to stone; they can't move and defense increases
Freezing: Target is unable to move
Paralysis: Target speed is reduced
Shaking: Target's reticle goes haywire
Burning: Small damage-over-time from fire
Poison: Small damage-over-time from poison
Weakening: Target's health max is halved
Recovery effect: Status effects do not apply to you as long
Status resistance: Status effects are less likely to apply to you

Movement

Speed: Increases all movement speed
Walking speed: Increases only walking speed
Running speed: Increases only running speed
Stamina: Increases the time you can run for

Other

Self-injury: Your health is constantly draining, similar to poison.