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Beloved Conversationalist
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 Posted: Sun Jul 25, 2010 4:02 am
Hello everyone, thanks for winking in!
My name is Colonel Gabrielle and I would like to introduce Hungarian to you.
"Hungarian is a Uralic language in the Ugric language group, distantly related to Finnish, Estonian and a number of other minority languages spoken in the Baltic states and northern European Russia eastward into central Siberia." information from Wikipedia.
Hungarian is one of the hardest language to speak, but I advise you to at least learn the basics, those are easy (the hard part comes with the grammar). The Hungarian language's pronunciation is absolutely different from the English pronunciation, and if I had to choose from the most spoken languages it resembles to, I'd say German.
Here is how I will teach this language:
1 ) Pronunciation. The Hungarian alphabet, and the letters' pronunciation, a few example words.
2 ) Some very important phrases
3 ) A list of nouns
4 ) Verbs and Hungarian grammar
... (I'm not sure about the continuance yet redface )
Good luck, everyone!
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Posted: Tue Jul 27, 2010 1:51 am
The Hungarian alphabet
Hungarian is written with latin letters.
The alphabet consists of 44 letters: 14 vowels and 30 consonants.
Here is the list of the Hungarian letters in alphabetic order:
A Á B C CS D DZ DZS E É F G GY H I Í J K L LY M N NY O Ó Ö Ő P Q R S SZ T TY U Ú Ü Ű V W X Y Z ZS
Here is a Wikipedia page of these letters and one-one example word to all of them, starting with the letter.
Wikipedia
Just like in English, when we say a consonant, we put a vowel to its end, so that it can be pronounced easier.
This is how we pronounce the alphabet.
a
á
bé
cé
csé
dé
dzé
dzsé
e
é
ef
gé
gyé
há
i
í
jé
ká
el
ely
em
en
eny
o
ó
ö
ő
pé
ku
er
es
esz
té
tyé
u
ú
ü
ű
vé
duplavé
iksz
ipszilon
zé
zsé
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Posted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 2:24 am
VIP - Very Important Phrases
Unlike English, in Hungarian others aren't called only "you". We talk in a different way with an old lady than with our friend.
An example:
"Hello, could you tell me where the bus station is, please?"
To an old lady, we say "Jó napot kívánok, meg tudná nekem mondani, merre van a buszmegálló, kérem?"
To a teenager, kid, or a friend. "Szia, meg tudnád nekem mondani, merre van a buszmegálló, kérlek?"
It doesn't really seem to be much difference, but it is really important.
Personal Pronouns
I - én
You - te
He/She/It - ő
We - mi
You (plural) - ti
They - ők
Polite way of you (single) - ön
In the Hungarian language we often leave the personal pronouns as the verbs show who we are talking to and who we are biggrin
Examples:
I love you. = Szeretlek
I love him/her. = Szeretem
You love me. = Szeretsz
You love him/her = Szereted
Saying hello
In America, or other countries where people speak in English, you can call an old lady, a little kid with a simple "Helló". In Hungarian, of course, you can not say hello to an old lady, but it is very frequent among young ones.
If you want to be polite (which you do want), with strangers, or with someone superior to you, you can say "Jó napot", but the best form is "Jó napot kívánok." It literally means "I wish you a good day." If you only say "Jó napot", it only means "Good day (accusative)".
However, when it is morning, you say "Jó reggelt (kívánok)" (I wish you a good morning). Sometimes they leave the "Jó" and it only means Morning then, but that is quite unpolite, and only used among family, friends, or when you are rude.
Of course, we have a hello for the night-time, too. "Jó estét (kívánok)". You say this from about 7 PM, when it starts to darken outside. It means "Good afternoon."
When you go to sleep, you say "Jó éjszakát" or "Jó éjt".
Have a nice dream is "Szép álmokat (kívánok)" (I wish you beautiful/nice dreams)
Sleep tight is "Aludj jól" (Sleep well biggrin )
Sorry
When you want to get someone listen to you, you say Excuse me in English. In Hungarian, it is "Elnézést (kérek)". Kérek means please.
When you step on their shoes, bump into them, etc., you say either "Elnézést (kérek)", or "Bocsánat(ot kérek)"
When you are sorry for your fault, or sorry about a person who passed away, you say "Sajnálom." If you feel even more sorry, you say "Nagyon sajnálom", and if even more, you say "Rettentően/Rettenetesen/Őszintén sajnálom." (it means I'm terribly/honestly sorry)
You also say "(Őszinte) részvétem" when somebody passes away, it means that you feel sorry about it. Őszinte means Honest.
What's up?
Hungarian people don't really say "How do you do" and "How are you" to strangers, but when you meet somebody you know, it is very important to ask about how they are.
When it is somebody superior or older than you, you say "Hogy van?". If you are a lot younger than the person you are talking to, you should say "Hogy tetszik lenni?" Very important, that in the word "tetszik" you pronounce it as "teccik".
When you want to ask "What's up", "What's new", the best way is to say "Mi újság?". If you are talking with a good friend, or don't want to be so polite, you can say "Mizu?" [It came from the "Mi az újság" phrase, as the "a" and "jság" is left out biggrin ]
Also, when you are talking to an elder person, you can say "Hogy van a kedves egészsége?", which literally means How is your nice healthiness [sorry for the terrible translation >.<]
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Posted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 3:40 am
Numbers
1 - egy
2 - kettő (két, if you are talking about 2 THINGS. When you are just counting, or you don't say anything after 2, you say kettő. When walking, and you say one-two, one-two, you also say egy-két, egy-két. You can also say két instead of kettő when you want to say 12, 22, 32, 42, 52)
3 - három (when dancing, and it goes one-two-three, or countdown, it's egy-két-há. You can't use it when you want to say 13, 23, 33, ..)
4 - négy
5 - öt
6 - hat
7 - hét
8 - nyolc
9 - kilenc
10 - tíz
11 - tizenegy
12 - tizenkettő
13 - tizenhárom
...
20 - húsz
21 - huszonegy
22 - huszonkettő
23 - huszonhárom
...
30 - harminc
31 - harmincegy
32 - harminckettő
...
40 - negyven
41 - negyvenegy
...
50 - ötven
51 - ötvenegy
...
60 - hatvan
61 - hatvanegy
...
70 - hetven
71 - hetvenegy
...
80 - nyolcvan
81 - nyolcvanegy
...
90 - kilencven
91 - kilencvenegy
...
100 - száz
101 - százegy
...
110 - száztíz
111 - száztizenegy
...
200 - kétszáz
...
1000 - ezer
....
1111 - ezeregyszáztizenegy
...
2000 - kétezer
2222 - kétezer-kétszázhuszonkettő
Important note:
From 2 000 and up we write the numbers like this. After the thousand, we put a - and continue.
With this, 3 000 is háromezer, and 3123 is háromezer-százhuszonhárom.
10 000 - tízezer
11 000 - tizenegyezer
11 123 - tizenegyezer-százhuszonhárom
100 000 - százezer
111 111 - száztizenegyezer-száztizenegy
1 000 000 - egymillió
1 234 567 - egymillió-kétszázharmincnégyezer-ötszázhatvanhét
! Notice that we put - after every 3 digit.
You can see that we always say the numbers from left to right, and put them right together, except for when the number is higher than 2000.
Here is a video of Hungarian numbers with both English and Hungarian pronunciation.
Youtube Video - Hungarian Numbers
Ordinal Numbers
1. - első
2. - második
3. - harmadik
4. - negyedik
5. - ötödik
6. - hatodik
7. - hetedik
8. - nyolcadik
9. - kilencedik
10. - tizedik
11. - tizenegyedik
12. - tizenkettedik
13. - tizenharmadik
...
100. - századik
111. - száztizenegyedik
200. - kétszázadik
1000. -ezredik
100 000. - százezredik
1 000 000. - egymilliomodik
As you can see, it is pretty much the same as the cardinal numbers, only that they have a "dik" on the end of them.
It is important, that 1., 2. and 3. is only said as első - második - harmadik, not egyedik - kettedik - háromdik
When we talk about numbers, there is something really important you have to know.
Unlike English, in Hungarian, after the numbers we don't put the things in plural.
So if we say "2 cats" in English (cat = macska - plural: macskák), in Hungarian we say "két macska", not két macskák
When we talk about uncountable objects, like flour, money, milk, water, we use measure, and neither the measure, nor the objects is in plural.
2 kilogram flour = Két kilogramm liszt [kilogramm is pronounced as -kilógram-]Measure Milligramm, milliliter, milliméter, ...
In these, the "milli" is pronounced with only one "L"
Length
Convert length
ENGLISH 1000 millimeters - 100 centimeters - 10 decimeters - 1 meter
1000 meters - 1 kilometer
HUNGARIAN 1000 milliméter (mm) - 100 centiméter (cm) - 10 deciméter (dm)- 1 méter (m)
1000 méter - 1 kilométer (km)
Weight
Convert weight
ENGLISH 1 kilograms - 100 dekagrams
1 ton - 1000 kilograms
HUNGARIAN 1 kilogramm (kg) - 100 dekagramm (dkg)
1 tonna (t)- 1000 kilogramm
Kilogramm is often said as "kiló" only.
Metric
cubic meter (m3) - köbméter
cubic decimeter (dm3) - köbdeciméter
cubic millimeter (mm3) - köbmilliméter
hectoliter (hl) - hektoliter (=100 liter)
liter (l) - liter (=10 deciliter=1000 milliliter)
deciliter (dl) - deciliter (=100 milliliter)
milliliter (ml) - milliliter
Temperature
Convert Celsius - Fahrenheit
In Hungary, we use °C, Celsius degrees.
It's called "Celsius fok", pronounced as "celziusz fok"Time As for the dates, this is the order:
year.month.day
So today is
2010.08.04
Pronounced: Kétezertíz augusztus/nyolcadik hónap negyedike
Notice the "e" on the end of "negyedik"?
Yeah, Hungarian has an other way of numbers, when talking about date.
1 - elseje
2 - másodika
3 - harmadika
4 - negyedike
5 - ötödike
6 - hatodika
7 - hetedike
8 - nyolcadika
9 - kilencedike
10 - tizedike
11 - tizenegyedike
20 - huszadika
30 - harmincadika
Months
01 - Január
02 - Február
03 - Március
04 - Április
05 - Május
06 - Június
07 - Július
08 - Augusztus
09 - Szeptember
10 - Október
11 - November
12 - December
Some of the holidays
Christmas - Karácsony
New Year - Újév
Easter - Húsvét
Seasons
Winter - Tél
Spring - Tavasz
Summer - Nyár
Fall/Autumn - Ősz
What's the time?
You can ask this either as "Mennyi az idő?" or "Hány óra van?"
In Hungary, we use the 24-hours form, so we don't say AM or PM.
12:05
Tizenkét óra öt perc in which the óra means hour, and perc means minute. A second is másodperc
08:00
Nyolc óra
08:15
Negyed kilenc. We say negyed as quarter, and the next hour
08:30
Fél kilenc. Fél means half.
08:45
Háromnegyed kilenc.
15:00
Délután három óra. The AM - PM style, délután means afternoon.
18:06
Hat perccel múlt hat óra. It means 6 minutes passed since 6 o'clock
09:55
Öt perc múlva tíz óra. And this means it will be ten o'clock in five minutes.
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Posted: Tue Aug 31, 2010 3:20 am
Some Nouns
Later I will upload verbs and inflection toilet - WC/mellékhelyiség/toalett
restaurant - étterem
hospital - kórház
home - otthon
house - ház
country - ország
city/town - város
village - falu
mountain - hegy
hill - domb
valley - völgy
forest - erdő
lake - tó
sea - tenger
ocean - óceán
river - folyó
desert - sivatag
plain/flat - síkság
chair - szék
piece of paper - papír
pen - toll
pencil - ceruza
shelf - polc
table/desk - asztal
wallet - pénztárca
bag - táska
tissue/handkerchief - zsebkendő (/zsepi)
Body - test
head - fej
hair - haj
eye - szem
nose - orr
mouth - száj
forehead - homlok
ear - fül
jaw - áll
eyebrow - szemöldök
eyelash - szempilla
nostril - orrlyuk
moustache - bajusz
beard - szakáll
chin - orca
neck - nyak
chest - mellkas
breast - mell
stomach - has/gyomor
intestine - bél
skin - bőr
hair (on body) - szőr
hip - csípő
waist - derék
thigh - comb
knee - térd
leg - láb
foot - lábfej
calf - vádli
arm - kar
elbow - könyök/könyék
hand - kéz
palm - tenyér
finger - ujj
nail - köröm
toe - lábujj
thumb - hüvelykujj
pointer - mutatóujj
middle finger - középső ujj
ring-finger - gyűrűsujj
pinkie - kisujj
(I'm not going to write private parts. If interested, PM)
Clothes - Ruha (plural: Ruhák)
hat - sapka
cap - kalap
coat - kabát
scarf - sál
glove - kesztyű
boots - bakancs/csizma
socks - zokni
bandana - kendő
T-shirt - póló
shirt - ing
blouse - blúz
dress - ruha
skirt - szoknya
miniskirt- miniszoknya
jeans - farmer(nadrág)
trousers - nadrág
shoes - cipő (plural: cipők)
high-heeled shoes - magassarkú cipő
sandal - szandál
flip-flops - flip-flop/papucs
bra - melltartó
underpants (for guys)- gatya
panties (for girls) - bugyi
Jewellery - Ékszerek
necklace - nyaklánc
earring - fülbevaló
ring - gyűrű
bracelet - karkötő
piercing - piercing (pronuncation: pirszing)
(tattoo - tetoválás/tetkó)
Food - Étel/Ennivaló
noodle/pasta - pizza
vegetable - zöldség
fruit - gyümölcs
apple - alma
pear - körte
orange - narancs
lemon - citrom
peach - őszibarack
apricot - sárgabarack/kajszibarack
grape - szőlő
ananas - ananász
banana - banán
carrot - répa
tomato - paradicsom
cabbage - káposzta
pepper - paprika
potato - burgonya/krumpli
(if you want to know others, PM)
Drink - Innivaló / Ital / Üdítő
wine - bor
beer - sör
orange juice - narancslé
apple juice - almalé
milk - tej
water - víz
mineral water - ásványvíz
(bubble - buborék)
limonade - limonádé
champaign - pezsgő
alcohol - alkohol
soft drink - szénsavas ital/üdítő
Color - Szín
black - fekete
gray/grey - szürke
white - fehér
red - piros/vörös
orange - narancssárga
yellow - citromsárga
green - zöld
blue - kék
purple/violet - lila
pink - rózsaszín/pink
rainbow - szivárvány
Animal - Állat
cat - macska/cica
dog - kutya
dolphin - delfin
horse - ló
mouse - egér
bird - madár
mammal - emlős
lizard - gyík
frog - béka
snake - kígyó
dragon - sárkány
wing - szárny
chicken - csirke
pig - disznó/sertés/malac
cow - tehén/szarvasmarha
bug - bogár/rovar
zebra - zebra
giraffe - zsiráf
crocodile - krokodil
elephant - elefánt
platypus - kacsacsőrű emlős
goat - kecske
sheep - bárány
goose - liba/lúd
(for more, PM)
Plants - Növény (plural: Növények)
tree/wood - fa
flower - virág
leaf - levél
rose - rózsa
tulip - tulipán
(for more, PM)
You can use this online dictionary: English - Hungarian Sztaki Online Dictionary
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Posted: Thu Nov 25, 2010 10:19 am
Verbs
One of the hardest parts in the language.
People claim that this is the most complicated part, but I will try to make it as simple as possible for you guys wink
Different from English, verbs have different endings depending on the person doing it/happening to, and if it's transitive or not.
(Like eating an apple < transitive and sleeping < not transitive.)
I'd like to show it and teach it with examples.
Let's take a simple verb, to read a book and to read the book = olvasni egy könyvet és olvasni a könyvet
[olvasni is the same form as "to read", it has no person]
I read >> olvasok egy könyvet || olvasom a könyvet
you read >> olvasol egy könyvet || olvasod a könyvet
he/she/it reads >> olvas egy könyvet || olvassa a könyvet
we read >> olvasunk egy könyvet || olvassuk a könyvet
you read [plural] >> olvastok egy könyvet || olvassátok a könyvet
they read >> olvasnak egy könyvet || olvassák a könyvet.
As you see it's really hard, since all of them are different.
This is how it goes with almost all the verbs.
However, there are some strange verbs.
Such as "sleep"
"to sleep" = aludni
"he sleeps" = alszik
"i sleep" = alszok
"you sleep" not plural = alszol
In the case of "sleep" we can not use the transitive form. (alszod, alszom can not be used)
"to drink" = inni
i drink = iszok
you drink = iszol
he/she/it drinks = iszik!
I hold a little pause here as it is a very long topic, and I would like to tell you some about forming sentences and how to use nouns, how to put the words in order in a sentence, etc.
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Beloved Conversationalist
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Posted: Thu Nov 25, 2010 10:44 am
Sentences
Sziasztok! Az én nevem Colonel Gabrielle. Tizenöt éves vagyok, és Magyarországon élek.
Translation:
Hi all! My name is Colonel Gabrielle. I am 15 years old, and I live in Hungary.
So, let's see how we create a sentence.
Let's start with a very simple one.
"The sky is blue."
Az ég kék.
Az = the
ég = sky
kék = blue
So you see now we don't use verbs like "am/is/are" in Hungarian.
"I am fifteen years old."
Tizenöt éves vagyok.
Tizenöt = fifteen
éves = "year old"
vagyok = to be
Here is how we create the "to be" verb. We only use it when there is emphasis on "being".
én vagyok (I am)
te vagy (you are)
ő van (it is - we use it with "ez" and "az", so "this" and "that" and every lifeless object)
mi vagyunk (we are)
ti vagytok (you are - plural)
ők vannak (they are)
Possessive
This is almost completely different from the English way.
my name = az én nevem
In this you see we always put "a/az" in front of it [depending on the following word's first letter - if it is a vowel, we use "az". if it is a consonant, we use "a"], the personal pronoun, the object with the proper ending.
The personal pronoun can be left out in most cases.
my book/umbrella/computer/telephone = az én könyvem/esernyőm/számítógépem/telefonom
(book = könyv
umbrella = esernyő
computer = számítógép
telephone = telefon)
(the ending is in all cases an "m" and in some cases a vowel needs to be put in front of it, depending on the word and its last letter)
your name/book/umbrella/computer/telephone = a te neved/esernyőd/számítógéped/telefonod
(the ending is in all cases a "d" and in some cases a vowel needs to be put in front of it, depending on the word and its last letter)
her/his/its name/book/umbrella/computer/telephone = az ő neve/esernyője/számítógépe/telefonja
(if the word ends with a vowel in this case, the ending is "je/ja" (az ő labdája =her/his/its ball). if the word ends with a consonant, the ending is "e/a" in most cases (her/his/its coat ; telephone = az ő kabátja ; telefonja)
our name/book/umbrella/computer/telephone = a mi nevünk/könyvünk/számítógépünk/telefonunk
(the ending is "unk" or "ünk")
your name/book/umbrella/computer/telephone = a ti nevetek/könyvetek/esernyőtök/telefonotok
(the ending is always "tok" or "tek" or "tök", sometimes a vowel needs to be put in front of it)
their name/book/umbrella/computer/telephone = az ő nevük/könyvük/esernyőjük/számítógépük/telefonjuk
What happens if the noun is plural?
my books/umbrellas = az én könyveim/esernyőim
In most cases, an "i" gets between the word and its possessive ending.
You have surely noticed the "név" noun changing sometimes when in possessive.
There are some verbs in Hungarian that change sometimes depending on the ending.
For example, kéz, tűz, név =hand, fire, name.
It's only a little change, the middle vowel changes from long to short, or stays the same.
This hasn't really got a rule, this has to be learned.
Even Hungarian people have sometimes trouble with finding out if it's "tüzünk" or "tűzünk".
However, the "kéz" word is very easy to learn.
Here are some forms of the "hand"
kezet rázni (to shake hands - ! in Hungarian the hand is not in plural!)
kéznek adni (to give for hand)
kézzel csinálni (to do it with hand)
kézhez kapni (to get it to hand - for example a mail)
kézbe tenni (put in hand)
kezek (hands)
kezem / kezed / keze / kezünk / kezetek / kezük (my hand, your hand, his/her/its hand, our hand, your hand - plural (not the hand), their hand)
etc. (in hungarian = "stb" an abbreviation for "s a többi" meaning "and the others/more/rest")
Coming soon : imperative, conditional, past - present - future, more information about verbs, nouns and sentences.
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