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 Posted: Thu Dec 24, 2009 10:46 pm
The Transformation of Western Civilization: 1450-1715 As a first step in comprehensive review of history in preperation of the AP examination, you need to collect in one place basic factual data essential to understanding various periods in the history of modern Europe. During the next several days prepare independantly the following review of the years 1450-1715. Later reviews will cover, in a similar manner, more recent European History.
Section I: Foundations of Western Civilization
As background to the modern Era, summarize the chief contributions of the following to Western Civilization:A. Greeks
By the time of the medieval period, the greek influence had faded into near nothingness. The Renaissance, however, gave the ancient greek philosophies and art a new chance, brining new ideals, but most of all, art. Many paintings featured Greek gods, and modern architecture, such as domes and pillars, made a return.
B. Romans
Answer
C. Christianity
Religion played a major role in modern Europe, especially in the time of Luther. Religion kept the people, especially the pesants, sane and most of all, they used it to explain many things. With Luther, it also gave the people freedom of religion, though minor, it was a start. However, this also caused a divide among the people, now wth religion as well as land and trade.
D. Feudalism/Manorialism
Answer
E. Terms
1. Babylonian Captivity/The Great Western Schism
Answer
2. Conciliar Movement
Answer
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Posted: Thu Dec 24, 2009 11:15 pm
Section II: Transformation to Modern Society A. Renaissance: Describe the following movements of the Renaissance era:
1. Secularism
Answer
2. Humanism
Answer
3. Italian Renaissance
Answer
4. Northern Renaissance
Answer
B. Modern State: Answer the following Questions
1. Describe the general nature of and accomplishments of New Monarchies.
Answer
2. Describe the political and economic live in the early modern period in these places:
a. Spain
Answer
b. France
Answer
c. England
Answer
d. Poland
Answer
e. Holy Roman Empire
Answer
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Posted: Fri Dec 25, 2009 12:14 am
3. What was the relation of the Ottoman Empire to the Development of Modern Europe
Answer
4. Define and tell the importance of each of the following persons or events.
a. Niccolo Machiavelli
Answer
b. Thomas Hobbes
Answer
c. John Locke
Answer
d. Charles V
Answer
e. Peace of Augsburg
This treaty took place in 1555, ending the war between Schmalkadic League (Martain Luther) and Charles V. This agreement would allow for Lutherism, a religion rejecting the uniform Catholicism, to become officially recognized by the state. This however, would cause problems in the long run, small (as well as large) religious wars would break out over this - other religions wished to be recognized, this causing conflict. A new religion would also divide the state in times of political and military conflicts at the time.
f. Teaty of Westphalia
In 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War, a religious and economic war that broke out in
C. Reformation: Answer each of the following parts related to the Reformation.
1. Define the causes of the Protestant Reformation.
a. Political
Answer
b. Economic
Answer
c. Religious
Answer
2. Contrast the thinking of each of the following:
a. Martin Luther
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