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 Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:08 am
About Russian
In this thread you will not only learn about the Russian language, but also about the culture. Some things do not open for foreigners unless they understand the culture. Such examples are Russian sense of humor. It's often misunderstood.
Where is Russian spoken?
Naturally, Russian is the official language in the Russian Federation (Rossijskaja Federatsija). There lives about 145 million people, but many of them have another mother language due to the Soviet Union times. In 2002 there were 116 million people in Russia whose native language was Russian, about 80% of the total population. In total, there lives 160 different nationalities in the Russian territory.
Russian is still the official language in some of the ex-Soviet Union countries, such as in Kazakstan.
In some former Soviet Union countries, Russian is no longer the official language, but people in general understand it and are fluent in it. It's also used in everyday life, such as at work. Example country, Tadzekistan.
Russian is spoken also in Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Where I live (Finland) there is a minority of Russians, which is around 30.000 Russian people.
Russian belongs to Indo-European language family. Indo-European languages are:
-Germanic languages (English, Swedish and German)
-Romanian languages (Spanish, Italian, and French)
-Baltic languages (Latvian, Lithuanian)
-Slavic languages (Russian, Belarussian, Ukrainian, Polish and Czech)
Russian Cyrillic alphabet system:
-It's based on Greek alphabet system
-It's strongly connected to Orthodox religion, which came to Russia from Greece
The structure and vocabulary of Russian language:
-If you know German, it will help you with studying Russian
-There are many similar elements in structures with Russian and German
-There are many similar words with other languages
-Russian language has feminine, masculine and neutral words
masculine:
театр = theater
feminine:
машина = car
neutral
место = place
Russian has 6 different cases for substantives, adjectives, numerals and pronouns.
masculine/neutral:
son = сын
son's = сына
to son = сыну
of son = сына
with son = с сыном
about son = о сыне
feminine:
wife = жена
wife's = жены
to wife = жене
of wife = жену
with wife = с женой
about wife = о жене
Russian language has three cases for verbs
1. present - I love = я люблю
2. past - I loved = я любил (masc) / я любила (fem)
3. future - I'll love/going to love = я буду любить
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:10 am
I tried adding link to each sound, but apparently Gaia blocks it.
I guess I have to find another way to teach the pronunciation..
Cyrillic alphabet system:
А а = a
Анапа = Anapa
Б б = b
Бабаево = Babajevo
В в = v
Всеволожск = Vsevoložsk
Г г = g
Гагарин = Gagarin
Д д = d
Дедовск = Dedovsk
Е е = e or je
Дальнереченск = Dalneretšensk.
notice: after consonant it is e
Егорьевск, Гаджиево = Jegorjevsk, Gadžijevo.
notice: when it's in the beginning of a word, after vocal or after the letters ь and ъ, it's je
Ё ё = o or jo
Горбачёв, Тимашёвск, Хрущёв = Gorbatšov, Timašovsk, Hruštšov
notice: after the letters ж, ч, ш and щ, it's o
Королёв = Koroljov
notice: after every other letter than ж, ч, ш and щ, it's jo
Ж ж = ž
Железнодорожный = Železnodorožnyi
З з = z
Заозёрск = Zaozjorsk
И и = i or ji
Ишим = Išim
notice: always after every letter except ь, it is i
Краснотурьинск = Krasnoturjinsk
notice: always after the letter ь, it is ji
Й й = j
Каспийск, Йошкар-Ола = Kaspijsk, Joškar-Ola
notice: inside/middle of a word after the letter и or in the beginning of a word
- Чайковский = Tšaikovski
notice: after the letter и in the end of a word
К к = k
Копейск = Kopeisk
Л л = l
Лихославль = Lihoslavl
М м = m
Мурманск = Murmansk
Н н = n
Ногинск = Noginsk
О о = o
Олонец = Olonets
П п = p
Почеп = Potšep
Р р = r
Рязань = Rjazan
С с = s
Сестрорецк = Sestroretsk
Т т = t
Тольятти = Toljatti
У у = u
Уссурийск = Ussurijsk
Ф ф = f
Фатеж = Fatež
Х х = h
Хабаровск = Habarovsk
Ц ц = ts
Цивильск = Tsivilsk
Ч ч = tš
Чита = Tšita
Ш ш = š
Шушары = Šušary
Щ щ = štš
Щёлково = Štšolkovo
Ъ ъ –
субъект = subjekt
Ы ы = y
Кызыл = Kyzyl
Ь ь –
Козьмодемьянск = Kozmodemjansk
Э э = e
Энгельс = Engels
Ю ю = ju
Юрюзань = Jurjuzan
Я я = ja
Ярославль = Jaroslavl
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:13 am
Russian names:
Russian surnames can be easily recognized.
male's surnames always end with -ov, -ev (-off, -eff)
female surnames end with -ova. eva
If you will see endings -in (-ina), -ko, -uk, -juk, you can tell they are Ukrainians surnames.
If you will see surnames like Ibrahimov, Muhamedov etc..
They are Muslim surnames with Russian endings.
People with these surnames are not Russians they just have our endings, but they also say they are Russian people.
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:15 am
Greetings / Small talk:
Here are two situations where people meet each other for the first time.
They are formal meetings and you adress people officially.
In Russia you use this form when you meet elders or strangers who are above you.
Meeting 1:
Katja: Zdravstvujte!
Anne: Zdravstvujte!
Katja: Ja – Katja. A vy?
Anne: Mojo imja – Anne.
Katja: Ja iz Rossii. A vy?
Anne: Ja iz Finljandii, iz Turku.
Катя: Здравствуйте!
Анне: Здравствуйте!
Катя: Я – Катя. А вы?
Анне: Моё имя – Анне.
Катя: Я из России. А вы?
Анне: Я из Финляндии, из Турку.
Katja: Hello! (How do you do!)
Anne: Hello! (How do you do!)
Katja: I am Katja. And you are?
Anne: My name is Anne.
Katja: I am from Russia. And you?
Anne: I am from Finland, Turku.
Meeting 2:
Anna: Zdravstvujte!
Marija: Dobryj den'!
Anna: Menja zovut Anna. A vas?
Marija: A ja Marija.
Anna: Ochen' prijatno. Vy iz Peterburga?
Marija: Net, ja iz Moskvy. A vy?
Anna: A ja iz Peterburga.
Анна: Здравствуйте!
Мария: Добрый день!
Анна: Меня зовут Анна. А вас?
Мария: А я Мария.
Анна: Очень приятно. Вы из Петербурга?
Мария: Нет, я из Москвы. А вы?
Анна: А я из Петербурга.
Anna: How do you do!
Marija: Good day!
Anna: My name is Anna. What is yours?
Marija: And I am Marija.
Anna: Pleasure to meet you. Are you from Petersburg?
Marija: No, I am from Moscow. And you?
Anna: And I am from Petersburg.
Meeting 3 is informal. In Russia, people with around same age talk to each other informally. Teenagers, kids, friends, family members, etc.
Meeting 3:
Katja: Privet!
Olja: Privet!
Katja: Ja – Katja. A ty?
Olja: Ja – Olja.
Katja: Ja – iz Peterburga. A ty?
Olja: I ja iz Petersburga.
Катя: Привет!
Оля: Привет!
Катя: Я – Катя. А ты?
Оля: Я – Оля.
Катя: Я – из Петербурга. А ты?
Оля: И я из Питера.
Katja: Hey!
Olja: Hello!
Katja: I am Katja. And you?
Olja: I am Olja.
Katja: I am from Petersburg. And you?
Olja: I am also from Petersburg.
It's also usual people have small talk, and change their greetings. The answers are normally always the same. When someone asks you Kak dela?, they don't expect you to tell a long complaint about life, just some shorts answers. They do it for being polite.
Как дела?
Kak dela? = How are you?
Отлично
Otlichno = Excellent
Спасибо, хорошо.
Spasibo, horosho = I'm fine, thank you.
Нормально
Normalno = Normal. Nothing unusual.
Ничего
Nichego = Nothing (new).
Small talk 1:
- Привет, Саша! Как дела?
- Отлично!
- Hello, Sasha! How are you?
- Excellent!
Small talk 2:
- Здравствуй, Надя. Как дела?
- Привет. Спасибо, хорошо.
-How do you do, Nadja. How are you?
- Hello. I'm fine, thanks.
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:17 am
Greetings at different times of a day:
Доброе утро! (Dobroe utro!)
= Good morning!
Добрый день! (Dobryj den'!)
= Good day!
Добрый вечер! (Dobryj vecher!)
= Good evening!
Спокойной ночи! (Spokojnoj nochi!)
= Good night!
Привет! (Privet!)
= Hello!
Здравствуйте! (Zdravstvujte!)
= Good day/evening/morning!
(This greeting can be used at anytime. You can answer to the greeting in the same way)
Здравствуй! (Zdravstvuj!)
= Same as previous one, but informal greeting.
До свидания! (Do svidanija!)
= Goodbye!
Пока! (Poka!)
= Bye then! Later then!
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:20 am
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:23 am
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 11:55 am
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 12:34 pm
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 12:41 pm
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Posted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 1:04 pm
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Posted: Fri Dec 04, 2009 7:53 pm
Hello! I'm here to learn.
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Posted: Sat Dec 05, 2009 9:53 am
Привет! Меня зовут Ashley.
My Russian is not so good but I'm only in my first year of learning. I have a pretty good grasp on pronunciation and speaking, but I'm terrible at reading and writing. :/ It's hard to get used to the alphabet and my spelling is so bad, lol.
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Posted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 9:24 pm
This language looks like it's gonna be fun to learn. X3
Is there any specific time that you think I should be on?
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Posted: Sun Dec 13, 2009 5:23 pm
count me in for learning the Russian! looks like fun
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