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Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

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PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:41 am


I am no longer teaching DANISH, but if you want some Danish stuff to practice with, I'll be happy to send you audio and some lessons for free!

I can also recommend you a GREAT Danish learning book!


Alphabet:

AUDIO

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Ø Å



Vowels:

AUDIO

Short A: (like in hat) Nat (night), Kat (cat)
Long A: (like in bathe) Gade (street), Bade (bathe)


Short E: (like in set) Ved (by), Fedt (fat), set (seen)
Long E: (like in leah) Lede (look), Vrede (anger)

Short I: (like in wit) Mit (mine), Dit (yours)
Long I: (like in see) Lide (like), Vide (know)

Short O: (like in lock) Stok (stick), Nok (enough)
Long O: (like in toe) Kjole (dress), Skole (School)


Short U: (like in took) Stok (stick), Nok (enough)
Long U: (like in boo) Ude (Outside), Pude (Pillow)

Short Y: (like the French tu) Lyutte (Listen), Hyutte (Hut)
Long Y: (like the short sound but longer) Lyde (sounds), Nyde (Enjoy)

Short Æ: (like pet) Sæt (Set), Mæt (Full of food)
Long Æ: (l(like the short sound but longer) Glæde (Happiness), Læse (Read)

Short Ø: (No English equiv.) Tø (Melt), Høns (Chickens)
Long Ø: (l(like the short sound but longer) Løse (Solve), Bøde (Ticket)

Short Å: (like bow) Tå (Toe), Få (Get)
Long Å: (l(like the short sound but longer) Håbe (Hope), Våde (Wet)

Consonants:

AUDIO

B: (like Baby) Barn (Child), Bade (Bathe)

C: (In front of E, I, Y, Æ and Ø: Sounds like s) Cigar (cigar), Cykel (Bicycle)
(In front of A, O, U: Sounds like k) Cafe (cafe)
(Ch sounds like Sh) Chance (Prospect)

D: (Hard D like in dog) Dør (door), Dig (you)
(Soft D: Use when in front of an unstressed E and at the end of a word, the sound is like "th" ) Lede (lead), Side (page), Ved (know), Bid (bite)

F: (Like in fun) Far (father)

G: (Hard G: Like Gone) Gave (present)
(Soft G: Like the y in the word young) Lige (just), Kage (cake)
(At the end of the word, it's almost like a dipthong in low / louw) Tog (train)

H: (like in hand) Hund (dog)
(When in front of v and j it's silent) Hvor (where), Hjerte (heart)

J: (like the y in young) Jakke (coat), Ja (yes)

K: (like the c in can) Kende (know)
(The k is NOT silent when in front of n) Kniv (knfe), Knust (broken)

L: (like in like) Lang (Long), Lille (little)

M: (Like m in me ) Mor (mother), time (hour)

N: (like in no) Nej (no), Line (line)

P: (like p in put) Pande (pot), Op (up)

Q: (like the KV sound) Quilt (Quilt)

R: (May be difficult to pronounce, the R is NOT rolled) Rigtig (right), Vred (Angry)
(After a vowel, not clearly audible but makes the vowel more open) Øre (ear), Vare (last)
(Unstressed -er is like a short a) Kommer (Comes)

S: (like S in see) Sove (sleep), Læse (read)

T: (like t as in today) Tale (speak), Sætte (read)

V: (like v in very) VI (we), Voske (grow)
(When in the middle of a word: like w) Over (over), Av (Oh)

W: (like v in very) Wienerbrød (Danishes)

X: (like s at the begining of a word) Xylofon (Xylophone)
(like ks after a vowel) Alexander (Alexander)

Z: (like s in see) Zar (Czar), Benzin (Gas)

By looking at this, you will notice that C, Q, W, X, and Z are only used rarely in borrowed words.
PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:42 am


Introduction to starter nouns, people, days, months, seasons, numbers and colors!


In Danish there are two genders: Common and Neuter. The common nouns use 'en', and the neuter nouns use 'et'. There are some things you should know....there is no formal way to tell which words will end in en and which will end in et, this is when memorization comes in.

If you come to a noun which is new to you, there is a small method to giving it -et or -en:

* Is it a living thing? If so, give it a -en, most living things get that.
* 75% of the nouns end in -en

So if you ARE FORCED to guess, -en is a safe one.


For now, common noun form:

En pige - - > Pigen - - > Piger - - > Pigerne
A girl - - > the girl - - > girls - - > the girls

Et hus - - - > Huset - - - > Huse - - - > Husene
A house - > The house - > Houses - > The Houses

En dreng - - > Drengen - - > Drenge - - > Drengene
A boy - - > The boy - - > Boys - - - - > the boys

Et Æbler - - > Æblet - - - -> Æbler - - > Æblerne
An apple - - > The Apple - > Apples - - > The apples


Now lets learn some basic nouns...


People


Boy - Dreng(en)
Girl - Pige(en)
Man - Mand(en)
Woman - Kvinde(en)

I - Jeg
Me - Mig
Mine - Min/Mit
You - Dig
Your(s) - Din/Dit
We - Vi
Our(s) - Vores

He - Han
She - Hun
Him - Ham
Her - Hende
His - Hans
Her's - Hendes

Mother - Mor
Father - Far
Sister - Søster
Brother - Bror
Dauhgter - Datter
Son - Søn
Cousin (female) - Kusine
Cousin (male) - Fætter
Niece - Niece
Nephew - Nevø
Aunt (general term) - Tante
Uncle (general term) - Onkel

When Danes speak of relatives on their mothers side or their fathers side, the name indicates which side:

Mother's Mother - Mormor
Mother's father - Morfar
Mother's Sister - Moster
Mother's brother - Morbror

Father's Father - Farfar
Father's Mother - Farmor
Father's Sister - Farster
Father's Brother - Farbror


Days:


Sunday - Søndag (Soon-day)
Monday - Mandag (Man-day)
Tuesday - Tirsdag (Tears-day)
Wednesday - Onsdag (Uns-day)
Thursday - Torsdag (Toors-day)
Friday - Fredag (Fray-day)
Saturday - Lørdag (Loor-day)

Seasons:


Spring: forår
Summer: sommer
Autumn: efterår
Winter: vinter


Months:


January - Januar (Ya-nu-ar)
February - Februar
March - Marts
April - April
May - Maj (My)
June - Juni (Yoo-nee)
July - Juli (Yoo-lee)
August - August (Ow-gust)
September - September
October - Oktober
November - November
December - December

Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter


Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter

PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:44 am


Numbers


Im going to find some audio for this, even if i need to make it myself.

Zero - Nul (Nool)
One - En (Een)
Two - To (Toe)
Three - Tre (Tray)
Four - Fire (Fee-ar)
Five - Fem
Six - Seks (Sex)
Seven - Syv (Sue)
Eight - Otte (Oh-teh)
Nine - Ni (Nee)
Ten - Ti (Tee)
Eleven - Elleve (El-va)
Twelve - Tolv (To-lw)
Thirteen - Tretten (Tra-ten)
Fourteen - Fjorten (Fyor-ten)
Fifteen - Femten
Sixteen - Seksten (Sex-ten)]
Seventeen - Sytten (Suit-ten)
Eighteen - Atten
Nineteen - Nitten (Knit-ten)
Twenty - Tyve (Tuy-ve)

Thirty - Tredive (Treal-ve)
Forty - Fyrre (Fuy-rre)
Forty-one - Enogfyrre
Fifty - Halvtreds (Hal-tres)
Sixty - Tres (Tr-ess)
Seventy - Halvfjerds (Hal-fye-ers)
Eighty - Firs (Feers)
Ninety - Halvfems (Hal-femms)
One-hundred - Ethundrede (It-hoon-re-the)

When they say numbers higher than 20, they say "1 and #" Where we say "# and 1
For example, literally we say "100 and 1"
Literally they say "1 and 100".

and = og (g is silent)


Some examples:

21 - Enogtyve (Een-oh-tuy-ve)
22 - Toogtyve
23 - Treogtyve

31 - Enogtredive
41 - Enogfyrre
51 - Enoghalvtreds
61 - Enogtres
71 - Enoghalvfjerds
81 - Enogfirs
91 - Enoghalvfems

101 - Ethundredeoget

Expressing age...

* Hvor gammel er du / de? - How old are you / they?
* Jeg er __ år gammel - I am __ years old.
PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:46 am


Colors:


Black - Sort
Blue - Blå (Bl-ow)
Brown - Brun (Br-oon)
Gray - Grå (Gr-ow)
Green - Grøn (Gr-on)
Orange - Orange (Or-ang-sha - like French!)
Pink - Lyserød (Lue-saa-row)
Purple - Lilla
Red - Rød (almsot like row)
White - Hvid (H is silent)
Yellow - Gul
Silver = Sølv.
Gold = Guld

Lets look at pink: Lyserød
That literally means "light red"

Light = Lys (before a colour: lyse).
Dark = mørk (before a colour: mørke).

Applying colors to a noun is a bit different than just saying a color.

Lets use the nouns table (et bord) and chair (en stol)
For "a blue table" would turn into "et blåt bord"
For "a blue stool" would be "en blå stol"

So when the noun is an et noun, add a T to the end of the color.

Also you should know that the "ød" is VERY difficult to say!
For fun, look up "rødgrød med fløde" ((Red berries with cream)) on youtube
wink

Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter


Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter

PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:47 am


Conversation:



Hello - Hej (Hi)
Good Morning - God Morgen
Good Afternoon - God Eftermiddag
Good Evening - God Aften
Good Night - Godnat
Goodbye - Farvel
See you - Vi ses

What - Hvad (Vell / Vah)
When - Hvornår (Vohr-noor)
Where - Hvor (Vohr)
Why - Hvorfor (Vohr-fohr)
How - Hvordan (Vohr-dan)
If - Hvis (Vihs)

Sorry - Undskyld
I am sorry - Jeg undskylder
You are welcome - Selv tak



Thank you - Tak
Many Thanks- Mange Tak
Thousand Thanks - Tusind Tak


How are you? (Lit.: How have you that?) - Hvordan har du det?
How goes that? - Hvordan går det?

I have that good. - Jeg har det godt.
I have that fine. - Jeg har det fint.
I have that O.K. - Jeg har det okay.
I survive. - Jeg overlever.

I have that not good. - Jeg har det ikke godt.
I have that bad. - Jeg har det slemt.

What is your name?

What is your name? (Lit.: What are you called?) - Hvad hedder du?
My name is ... (Lit.: I am called...) - Jeg hedder...


Where are you from? (Lit.: Where come you from?) - Hvor kommer du fra?
I'm from... - Jeg kommer fra...
Do you speak English/Danish? (Lit.: Speak you English/Danish?) - Taler du Engelsk/Dansk?
I speak English/Danish - Jeg taler Englesk/Dansk.
Did/Do you understand? (Lit.: Understood/Understand you that?) - Forstod/Forstår du det?
I understand - Jeg forstår.
I understand that - Jeg forstår det.
I didn't/do not understand (that) - Jeg kan ikke forstod/forstår (det).

Can you talk slower? - Kan du tale langsommere?
Could you repeat that please? - Kan du gentage det?

What is that in English/Danish? (Lit.: What means that on English/Danish?) - Hvad betyder det på Engelsk/Dansk?


What does "–" mean? - Hvad betyder "–"?
PostPosted: Wed Nov 25, 2009 10:50 am


Sentence structure


Done with Excel, lol.


Translation of last examples:

* Jeg kender ham ikke (I do not know him)
* Jeg kender ikke manden i huset (I do not know the man in the house)
* Jeg har ikke set ham i lang tid (I have not seen him for a long time)
* Ham har jeg aldrig set (I have never seen him / Literally "Him I have never seen)
* I dag kommer hun kl. 5 (Today she will come at 5 o'clock)
* Kommer hun ikke med bussen? (Does she not come by bus?)
* Hvem er pigen i huset? (Who is the girl in the house?)
* Hvor har du været henne (Where have you been?)


I forgot command (imperative) examples! These are them below!

* The imperative is always the base form of a verb:

1) "Gå din vej!" or "Gå jeres vej!" - Go away!
2) "spis din mad!" - Eat your food!
3) "Sov godt!" - Sleep well!

Call Me Apple
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Sparkly Shapeshifter


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PostPosted: Tue Dec 01, 2009 10:45 pm


then that was very interesting to læse! biggrin
PostPosted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 10:49 am


I would love to learn Danish.
I'm in Danmark quite often and I hate they understand me even though I don't understand one bit of what they're saying. gonk

HybridTea


Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter

PostPosted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 11:07 am


TinyBlueGray
I would love to learn Danish.
I'm in Danmark quite often and I hate they understand me even though I don't understand one bit of what they're saying. gonk


Danish is very confusing to understand >_< They speak fast and tend to swallow many of their vowels. Which makes distinguishing words very hard.

I will put up some basic questions and statements, so that next time you go you can use some biggrin
PostPosted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 5:09 pm


Call Me Apple
TinyBlueGray
I would love to learn Danish.
I'm in Danmark quite often and I hate they understand me even though I don't understand one bit of what they're saying. gonk


Danish is very confusing to understand >_< They speak fast and tend to swallow many of their vowels. Which makes distinguishing words very hard.

I will put up some basic questions and statements, so that next time you go you can use some biggrin

Oh god, seriously. I think Danish seems cool but some of the pronunciation seems crazy. @_@

Sockers
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MiniTeaCakes

PostPosted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 5:31 pm


The way you say the numbers (1 and 100 etc.) is the same as in German...

Maybe I'll try and learn Danish.
PostPosted: Mon Dec 07, 2009 5:37 pm


Sockers
Call Me Apple
TinyBlueGray
I would love to learn Danish.
I'm in Danmark quite often and I hate they understand me even though I don't understand one bit of what they're saying. gonk


Danish is very confusing to understand >_< They speak fast and tend to swallow many of their vowels. Which makes distinguishing words very hard.

I will put up some basic questions and statements, so that next time you go you can use some biggrin

Oh god, seriously. I think Danish seems cool but some of the pronunciation seems crazy. @_@


I agree, there are some letter combination which I cant say to save my life.
Which is why I use professional audio mostly. Danish sounds have been compared to choking on your own tongue x3

Call Me Apple
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Sparkly Shapeshifter


xx I met my fate xx

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PostPosted: Wed Dec 09, 2009 1:33 am


You've done very well with this page! I wouldn't have known how to put up the pronunciations so well!! Now I know where to go when my Danish gets rusty. ^_^ Screw Google! XD
PostPosted: Wed Dec 09, 2009 10:07 am


xx I met my fate xx
You've done very well with this page! I wouldn't have known how to put up the pronunciations so well!! Now I know where to go when my Danish gets rusty. ^_^ Screw Google! XD


Thanks a lot! I plan to put up more ;P Perhaps today XD

Call Me Apple
Vice Captain

Sparkly Shapeshifter


HybridTea

PostPosted: Wed Dec 09, 2009 10:52 am


Call Me Apple
TinyBlueGray
I would love to learn Danish.
I'm in Danmark quite often and I hate they understand me even though I don't understand one bit of what they're saying. gonk


Danish is very confusing to understand >_< They speak fast and tend to swallow many of their vowels. Which makes distinguishing words very hard.

I will put up some basic questions and statements, so that next time you go you can use some biggrin


That would be awesome biggrin
And I have to say I love the way you've put up the numbers. :3 I've always had a problem with those, might have something to do with that they are based in 20 and not in 10. confused
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