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I play on Starcraft as the Protoss most of the time, but I noticed that the photon cannon is the weakest form of defense than other races. The Terran bunker is very useful and the Zerg colonies are pretty strong also. Would it be better to save your resources for units other than structure defenses for the Protoss?

Ahhh, well now. Here is the thing with photon cannons.

They are weeker defensivly than both terran and zerg structures. Meaning their HP is the lowest. However, offensivly, they are much better. They don't need marines or firebats to work, they target both ground and air, and build faster that the colonies. They also are VERY (and i mean hugely) Useful as a time waster for invading forces. If they ignore the cannons, then their superior firepower will devistate them. If they attack them, then there they are just begging to be psi stormed, since, afterall, psistorm doesn't effect buildings. And if they try to attack your HT?? Once again, ignoring the cannon. They are usefull, if used properly. Myself? I build one next to my base occasionally, or use them to line high ground. Other than that, i just keep a bunch of DT's lounging around.

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These are all very good points and yes the photon cannon is a detector, but it is true that you need about 2+ to keep them all running smoothly. In the early beggining, should I mass units or just get a few units and start constructing building defenses? I mean in previous victories of mine, I did both. I just wanted to know which one would have better results. And what would be the best time to construct them, beggining middle, so on.

Units. The best base defense are units.

4 dark templars can repel a 24 plus zergling invasion with no casualtys.

As opposed to 6 photon cannons (the equivlilent in resources) which would get destroyed by the zerglings, and leave you defenseless. Units are ALWAYS the best defense. Sides, Drgoons, basiclaly mobile photon cannons for but 25 more resources.

cannons are worth the build, If not for a defense for base, build some around workers

If you scout out the enemy early and your build is in favor of cannoning in an enemy, go for it. It depends on the map. If it's LT, cannon off to the far side of their base where alot of people forget to check. If it's Nostalgia, cannon them off their choke points.

Normally, I would get a cannon next to my resources as an anti-drop. On some high ground maps, I would take two cannons on the cliff and some lots on the low ground just for extra hits. For standard builds, you normally won't need to get a single cannon PvP if you quick robo to observer. For Terrans, you probably won't need a cannon either. However, it's suggested for PvZ, not just for lurkers, but for those damn muta rushes. Two cannons for anti-mutas, not one. But as soon as you get out some sairs, you should drop your cannoning habits for the rest of the game. Those 150 minerals can really add up for mobile units instead.

Hehehe, I like your instrument of peace, but I would prefer the M21.